{"hits":{"total":{"value":10,"relation":"eq"},"hits":[{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"csa-ps-26368","_version":1,"_seq_no":82754,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Probleme und Perspektiven der Transformationsprozesse in Ost- und Sudosteuropa","id":"csa-ps-26368","date":"1993","date_recency":"1993","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/csa-ps-26368","type":"publication","topic":["Politics","Europe, East","Change"],"person":["Ferdowsi, Mir A."],"person_sort":"Ferdowsi","source":"In: Europa-Archiv, 48, 1993, 9, 249 S.","links":[],"subtype":"journal_article","publisher":"ProQuest","database":"WPSA - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","coreAuthor":["Ferdowsi, Mir A."],"coreJournalTitle":"Europa-Archiv","coreZsband":"48","coreZsnummer":"9","coredoctypelitadd":["Keine Angabe"],"coreIssn":"0014-2476","data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":0,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"BASE","doc_rank":1,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"ubk-opac-LY000685484","_version":1,"_seq_no":82997,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Communism, capitalism and the mass media","id":"ubk-opac-LY000685484","date":"1998","date_recency":"1998","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/ubk-opac-LY000685484","type":"publication","topic":["Osteuropa","Massenmedien","Politischer Wandel"],"person":["Sparks, Colin"],"person_sort":"Sparks","source":"London [u.a.], Sage Publications, 1998, (The Media, culture & society series)","links":[],"subtype":"book","publisher":"USB K\u00f6ln","database":"USB K\u00f6ln - Sondersammelgebiet Sozialwissenschaften","document_type":"Buch","coreAuthor":["Sparks, Colin"],"corePublisher":"Sage Publications","coreSseries":["The Media, culture & society series"],"coreIsbn":"0-7619-5074-5","coreLanguage":["Englisch (EN)"],"data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":0,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":2,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"gesis-ssoar-37251","_version":3,"_seq_no":95249,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Eastern European Political Cultures and the Need for Explanation: The Look from Inside","id":"gesis-ssoar-37251","date":"2013","date_recency":"2013","portal_url":"http:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/37251","type":"publication","topic":["politische Kultur","Transformation","politische Entwicklung","Osteuropa"],"person":["Voinea, Camelia Florela"],"person_sort":"Voinea","links":[{"label":"URN","link":"http:\/\/nbn-resolving.de\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-372516"}],"publisher":"ArsDocendi-Bucharest Univ. Press","document_type":"Konferenzbeitrag","institutions":["University of Bucharest, Romania"],"coreAuthor":["Voinea, Camelia Florela"],"coreEditor":["Voinea, Camelia Florela","Todosijevic, Bojan","Boella, Guido"],"coreSjahr":"2013","corePublisher":"ArsDocendi-Bucharest Univ. Press","coreSatit":"Political Attitudes and Mentalities: Eastern European Political Culture - Modeling Studies","coreIsbn":"978-973-558-719-2","publishLocation_str_mv":"Bukarest","coreLanguage":"en","urn":"urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-372516","data_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","index_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","database":"SSOAR - Social Science Open Access Repository","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"metadata_quality":10,"full_text":" From: Camelia Florela Voinea, Bojan Todosijevic, Guido Boella (Editors), \u00b4 Political Attitudes and Mentalities. Eastern European Political Cultures: Modeling Studies \u00b5 , Ars Do c endi -Bucharest University Press ISBN 978 -973-558 -719 -2, pp. 9 -19. Introduction 1 From: Camelia Florela Voinea, Bojan Todosijevic, Guido Boella (Editors), \u00b4 Political Attitudes and Mentalities. Eastern European Political Cultures: Modeling Studies \u00b5 , Ars Do c endi -Bucharest University Press ISBN 978 -973-558 -719 -2, pp. 9 -19. Eastern European Political Culture s and the Need for Explanation. The Look from Inside. Camelia Florela Voinea University of Bucharest Rom ania This volume presents several authors who are developing research projects in various European universities and research institutions. In spite of the independent character of the analyses and of the most of the empirical observations and results reported her e, there is something which unites them all, namely a certain similarity in looking at things from a political culture perspective. Moreover, there is something else which unites their perspectives over the Eastern European political cultures: a certain lo ok from inside . T he true motivation for what joins them all in this volume could be described as a need for explanation , no matter the different political and culture heritages of the countries, regimes, institutions and people targeted by the researches reported in this volume . It is this need for explanation which makes the true binding \u00b2 either implicit or explicit \u00b2 of this volume. What makes these few Eastern European political culture researches reported here prove the same need for explanation is the way they share the perception of the post - 1989 Eastern European democracy experience , and certain stereotypes in relating variate political phenomenology to political cul ture. 2 The need for explanation should not surprise anybody, especially if we are to study the Eastern European politics. Nevertheless, it is more than just th e necessity to explain (what? ) and how ? is going on in politics . I t is also the need to understand why?, when?, or what for? The long transition processes from the communist to demo cratic regimes mad e almost all Eastern European people and their countries experience during the past two decades the need to explain their choices, values, beliefs, norms , attitudes , and symbols. Their grievances or prejudices . T heir institutions, regimes, and discourses. All these en tail a deep understanding of both remote cultural roots and current political perception s , steadiness and variability, contingency and necessi ty , change and resistance to change . They require not only to explain things. F irst and foremost , they require a concept, a paradigm, and a method. I t often requires a model . The modeling idea is as ol d as our philosophical thinking. I t reminds us of Plato and makes us think about the city, world, society and politics as of imperfect shadows of one perfect idea. To understand them , we need first of all to RYHUOMS POH \u00b4UHMO\u00b5 MQG POH \u00b4LGHMO\u00b5 \u000f POH \u00b4VOMGRRV\u00b5 MQG POH \u00b4PRGHO\u00b5 . It is this ove rlappi ng which explain s what the real construct \u00b2 be it society or polity, tradition or institution, individual action or policy \u00b2 actually need s in order to identify itself with the ideal construct . Modeling is, as a matter of fact, a relevant component of Political S cience: ideology, political regime, state, governance or voting \u00b2 all of them have been modeled and analyzed by means of models. B efore anything else, a model \u00b4 explains \u00b5 the real world by capturing few but universal laws, principles . It thus make s both modeler and user de velop expectations with respect to its explanative power . Whether these are finally fulfilled or not, this depends on the model. In the classical approach, models as explanative tools involve covering laws. For example, e conomic laws and ideas do explain the transformation processes in the Eastern E uropean newly appeared democracies, but they can not fully explain them , and obviously not them all . After the first decade following the 1989 - Eastern European political phenomena, stu dents of democracy identified the main characteristics of the Eastern European transition to democratic regime processes and tried to explain their unfolding. It was probably the first time when many agreed that, beyond economical difficulties, there were some others which did not fit this model and resisted explanations based on covering economical laws. Explaining politics requires more than social, economical and financial methodologies altogether: it requires political methodology. 3 Moreover, it requires a political methodology able to reconsider such issues like variability, context - , path - and initial conditions dependence in order to explain one of the fundamental questions in the post -1989 political analysis and methodology (Tilly, 1995): how should w e study the political change? \u00b2 Long after the 1989 Eastern European political phenomena, peopl e still argued on the nature of political change, on its real target and on its real means and ends. Invariable models of political change could not tackle anymo re the complexity of the political history and failed to fulfill the need for explanation of both scholars, either old or young, and of the people, either ordinary people or elites. Unavoidably , political culture came to the front . In spite of the hard cri tics and apparently QHYHU HQGLQJ GLVSXPHV\u000f SROLPL\u0143MO \u0143XOPXUH POHRULHV OMYH VX\u0143HHGHG PR ILQG URRP IRU \u00b4LPSUHVVLYH\u00b5 coming - backs (Mishler and Pollack, 2003) and for managing ambiguity in definitions and terminology. It is not the first time when they do come back and, most probably, not the last. However, this time there is something missing in the room : e xplanative power requires explanative methodology. And a good explanation methodology cannot ignore or avoid modeling. Nevertheless, it is modeling whic h is actually missing in this room. The past two decades have been known as a time of intensive theoretical and empirical research in Eastern European political cultures. Remar cable works have been published by now famous authors: \u00b4 The Power of Symbols aga inst the Symbols of Power. The Rise of Solidarity and the Fall of State Socialism in Poland \u00b5 \u000b Jan Kubik, 1994 ), \u00b4 Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 41 Societies \u00b5 \u000b5RQMOG HQJOHOMUP\u000f1EE7\f\u000f \u00b4 Democracy and Its Alternatives: Understanding Post - Communist Societies \u00b5 \u000b5L\u0143OMUG 5RVH\u000f William Mishle U\u000f MQG FOULVPLMQ +MHUSIHU 1EE8\f\u000f \u00b4 Can Democracy Take Root in Post -Soviet Russia? Explorations in State -Society Relations \u00b5 (Harry Eckstein , Frederick J. Fleron, E. P. Hof fman n, and William M. Reisinger (Eds.), 1998), \u00b4 Eastern Europe: Politics, Culture, and Society Since 1939 \u00b5 \u000b6B 5MPHP \u000b(GB\f\u000f 1EE8\f\u000f \u00b4 Political Culture In Post -communist Europe: Attitudes in New Democracies \u00b5 \u000bGHPOHI 3ROOM\u0143N\u000f -RUJ -M\u0143RNV\u000f 2OMI 0XOOHU\u000f *HUP 3L\u0143NHO (Eds.), 20003), \u00b4 Political Culture and Post - Communism \u00b5\u000f 6PHSOHQ JOLPHILHOG \u000b(GB\f\u000f 200D\f\u000f \u00b4 Democracy and Political Culture in Eastern Europe \u00b5 \u000b+MQV -Dieter Klingeman, Dieter Fuchs and Jan Zielonga (Eds.) , 2006), to name but few of the most relevant ones. M a ny books and articles of these and other authors represent now the foundation of a difficult work of disentangling the complicated historical and political heritages of the Eastern European political cultures , aimed at understanding how people, cultures a nd polities endured altogether the hard experiences of the communist regimes. All these major 4 the ore tical works have been publ ished soon after 1989, when the Eastern Europeans were struggling and striving in the sophisticated transition processes toward democratization and economic stability. It was a time of high political contend. However, m o re than two decades have passed and, n otwithstanding its weakness and scarcity, the democratic construction has provided a chance for reflection . As the tim e passed, the Eastern Europeans \u00b2 citizens as well as elites \u00b2 got enough distance from their personal experiences, sentiments and passions so as to be able to finally reflect as objectively as possible with respect to t heir communism and post - communism experiences . While much of the research works mentioned earlier were fundamentally about a look from outside , f inally, a look from inside is now possible. How valuable it is right now or could be when compared with the abo ve - mentioned high - level expertise works, depends on how much it suceeds to uncover its thick poli tical culture roots . This volume is about this look from inside . The volume is divided in four sections , ballancing the interest for theore tical modeling with that for computational modeling and simulation of political phenomena. The 1 st Section , \u00b4 Theoretical Models \u00b5\u000f \u0143RQ\u0143HUQ POHRUHPL\u0143MO PRGHOLQJ MQG LQPURGX\u0143HV RQH research work which reviews major researches in the area of structure of political attitudes (structure of ideology) during the past 80 years in Europe. The author, Bojan 7RGRVL\u00d3HYL\u00fd\u000f explains how political attitude and structure of ideology studies would impact the modeling of poli tical action, especially in the Eastern European new democracies. The 2 nd 6H\u0143PLRQ\u000f \u00b4 Political Culture Computational and Simulation Modeling Studies \u00b5 , concern computational modeling and simulation of political action, policy, and polity. The three research works included here address the political action modeling (Bruce Edmonds), the polity simulation modeling (Camelia Florela Voinea), and the modeling of corruption , extortion and fiscal evasion phenomena (Martin Neumann). The 3 rd 6H\u0143PLRQ\u000f \u00b4 Political Culture Analysis \u00b5\u000f SURYLGHV HPSLUL\u0143MO comparative results on political culture vs. rational choice models, and proves their implications on the mass support for democracy in the Eastern European post - communist countries (Zoran Pavlovic) . The 4 th 6H\u0143PLRQ\u000f \u00b4 EU Non -State Partnership Modeling \u00b5\u000f LQ\u0143OXGHV RQH UHVHMU\u0143O RRUN RQ POH political culture of EU partnership in the non - member states: the European Neighborhood Policy as a political culture model of partnership in the European politics (Sima Rakutiene) . The 5 th 6H\u0143PLRQ\u000f \u00b4 Welfare Culture Studies \u00b5 , presents one modeling approach on welfare culture in Greece, combining governance, welfare economics and social assitance studies with public policy 5 modeling (Dimitrios Kotroyannos, Stylianos Tzagkarakis, Apostolos Kamekis and Marinos Chourdakis ). The Conclusions (Camelia Florela Voinea) presents a general Eastern European picture of political culture studies, including several other authors and research works besides those contribut ing to the present volume. The C on clusions show that the Eastern European political culture research exhibits preferences for a particular relationship between (i) the political values, identity, behaviors and attitudes modeling, on the one hand, and for ( ii) the generative simulation mode ling of political phenomena , on the other hand. This relationship is described as a political methodological relationship between political mechanisms and political cultures . Getting back to the rationale of this volume, we should emphasize again the independent character of the researches presented in this volume. It is important to do this for three reasons . O ne relates their independent character to the reality that Eastern European political science research is guided from within the society, and this proves both the awareness of researchers and the social utility of their approaches. A nother one relates the scarce appearances of political culture modeling research in Easter n Europe to the scarcity of its research funding, which seriously limits its development, but nevertheless cannot stop it. An d finally, a third reason concerns the extension of political culture theories so as to include new elements provided by the interd isciplinary research in areas like European welfare culture or neighborhood culture, which emerge d from latest political unfoldings in Eastern and Southern Europe following either 2008 economical crisis or EU partnership policies. First, although independe ntly developed, some of the Eastern European political analysis research es included in the volume share a major theoretical tendency towards modeling approaches of political issues, including political action and political attitude, voting behavior and ele ctoral campaigns, political messages an d political images on the Easter n European electoral market, post communist institutional authority and legitimacy , ethnicity and nationalism, constitutionalism and autoritarianism, corruption and extortion, and many others. As political methodology, Eastern European political phenomena modeling research reported in this volume addresses fundamental issues concerning (1) the type of democracy constructs elaborated by the Eastern European countries , and (2) pol itical identity, sovereignity and political action of the new Eastern European democracies inside EU or outside EU, but expecting for the EU intergration . As concerning the 6 type of democratic construct and democracy perception in each Eastern European coun try, these researches share the idea of political cultures as influence factors in the political change modeling. From this perspective, two authors succeed to bring to the front old political culture research issues and to provide fresh answers. Bojan To GRVL\u00d3HYL\u00fd \u00b7V research on the structure of political attitudes reports fundamental approaches during the past almost hundred years in the area of structure of ideology . Political attitudes made the subject of political analysis and political methodology from the beginning of the 20 th century. 7RGRVL\u00d3HYL\u00fd systematically reports research on attitudes in Social Psychology emphasizing the difference between the long tradition and huge number of theoretical and analytical works , on the one hand, and their low leve l of impact on the attitude methodological research and development , on the other hand . He is a promoter of the idea that ideological dimensions have a relevant impact on the political behavior. Such orientation of research would not only help understandin g political action, but has a special relevance in the Eastern European political space, where the communist ideology \u00b7V OMPH LPSM\u0143P OMV VOMSHG \u00b4 atypical ideological configurations \u00b5 \u000bSB 3D LQ POLV volume). This idea points to the particular ways in which ci tizens in the Eastern European post communist regimes \u00b4 RUJMQL]H MQG H[SUHVV POHLU NMVL\u0143 SROLPL\u0143MO YLHRV\u00b5 \u000bLNLGB\fB The study of political attitudes (formation, stability, structure, expression) in Eastern Europe would thus help in modeling the type of Easte rn European democratic construct and explaining the atypical political behavior \u00b2 a major concern in the EU structures, where the Eastern European democratic consolidation processes raise difficult problems, even long after the political integration of the new Eastern European democracies. Though from a slightly different perspective, but still in the same area of political attitude research like Bojan 7RGRVL\u00d3HYL\u00fd \u00b7 , Zoran Pavlovic addresses the issue of mass democratic expression and support for democracy in the Eastern European ex - communist regimes by introducing a comparative analysis between two competing explanative models of political behavior: political culture vs. rational ch oice. His post -elections survey research allows for the de finition , empirical observation and analysis of socio - demographic, institutional and cultural predictors of the mass support for democracy. His variance modeling approach re - iterates the disputes co ncerning the explanative power of the defined survey variables. His approach tries to show the role the political values play in the development of a democratic political culture in a transitional society by influencing the consolidation of the democratic LQVPLPXPLRQVB 3MYORYL\u0143\u00b7V MSSURM\u0143O give s support to 7 the theories relating political values and institutions by arguing in favor of combining effects of cultural and institutional variables. His preference assumes actually a n Eastern European stereotype PRGHO RI \u00b4 creating the democratic political culture \u00b5 N\\ \u00b4 \u0143UHMPLQJ \u00b6GHPR\u0143UMPV\u00b7 MV RHOO MV \u0143UHMPLQJ GHPR\u0143UM\u0143\\ \u00b5 \u000bSB 136 in this volume). This position if often encountered in the current Eastern European literature on attitude, behavior and mentality in tran sition to democracy and consolidation of democratic institutions and proves once more the similarity in the preferences, understandings and expect ation analysis of many Eastern European authors (Srbljinovic, 2012; Atanasov and Cvetanova, 2012; 3HPUL\u00ffX\u00e4L\u00fd , 2013; )HUL\u00fd and Lamza - Posavec, 2013) . Second, although quite few and disparate , the researches included in this volume prove a high interest and a considerable potential for research development in the area of political culture based computational modeling and simulation of political phenomena. T he issue seems rather strange for many of the works on political methodology published lately in Eastern Europe. For many reasons, computational modeling and simulations appears to Eastern European Political Science researchers as a remote area of research and development. Without being some particular weakness of the Eastern European research only, computational and simulation modeling has puzzled political methodology experts from allover the world by intro ducing a different concept on how we should describe and explain political phenomena. Following the example of Social Simulation, computational modeling and simulation has bee n accepted in Political Science as well. This volume succeeds to aggregate some d isparate approaches on this modeling area and issues. The three research works presented in the 2 nd Section of the volume address both the ontology and epistemology of political culture modeling, with a special focus on political methodology. In his chapt er on cognitive modeling of political action, Bruce Edmonds introduces the problem of relating modeling methodology with political phenomenology. He highlights the issues of abstracting the types, levels and granularity of social and political phenomenolog y by means of computational cognitive modeling descriptions of social actions, norms, interactions and goal - driven behaviors. A s one of the leading expert s in both social complexity modeling and agent - based social simulation, Edmonds challenges the standard artificial society model by introducing elements of cognitive complexity in the individual agent descriptions. As a computational and simulation modeling approach, this endeavour brings to the front the now classical debate on the individual agency and the relationship between cognitive, social and political phenomena which might get computational and simulation expression in an artificial society model. The model he proposes 8 actually challenges the classical KISS style (Axelrode, 1995), and extends the representation issue to a methodological issue in political action modeling. Camelia Florela Voinea challenges both political methodology and simulation modeling of political phenomena . In her ch apter, she addresses several issues in political phenomena modeling, like political mechanisms, processes and pathways, reviewing and revisiting some of their definitions and terminology. In addressing the political mechanism issue, Voinea answers the Till \\\u00b7V RHOO - known claim (1995) for a change in political phenomena modeling methodology by introducing both emergence and downward causation modeling in the generative simulation architectures. Inspired by the artificial society models, she introduces an oper ational concept of the generative simulation architecture in the artificial polity model . Her research aims at advancing the political phenomena modeling theory by including cross - recurrence and cross - recursivity in generative process descriptions. 9RLQHM\u00b7 s approach addresses the need for a methodological shift towards complexity based models in political phenomena modeling. HQ M PX\u0143O VLPLOMU RM\\ PR (GPRQGV\u00b7 MSSURM\u0143O\u000f O er work combines both philospohy of science and virtual experiments of simulation modelin g. Martin Neumann focuses more on computational modeling by generalizing ontologies of Mafia - type systems to an artificial society model able to simulate the emergence and growth of extortion systems. Neumann uses his previous social simulation experienc e to develop computational models of social and political corruption which could allow for public policy modeling aimed at controlling the phenomenology of political and bureaucratic corruption . What makes his approach interesting for the theme of this volume is the use of agent -based system simulation in the development of a political culture model of a mafia - type social configuration inside an artificial society. His ontology identifies element s of political culture which exist and could generate deviant behavior in any kind of society, especially in the weak new democracies situated at the margins of the Eastern Europe. Extortion ontologies is but one example of how can they be used to develop models of culture and explain the generation of subcultures. Third, the researches on European political cult ure prove a tendency to extend their area by including new issues which emerged from the latest political developments in Eastern and Southern Eur ope. This explains the presence in this volume of two approaches on European welfare culture and EU non - state partnership culture. Sima Rakutiene introduces a model of EU neighborhood culture which captures the non state partnership experiences associated lately to the EU accession and integration pending 9 processes in non - member countries, like Lithuania, the Baltic states as well as some of the South (MVPHUQ VPMPHVB 5MNXPLHQH\u00b7V PRGHO GHV\u0143ULSPLRQ PLJOP VXJJHVPV POMP \u0143RPSXPMPLRQMO MQG VLPXOMPLRQ modeling of such political phenomena should take into consideration revisiting the agent definition in agent - based systems, in which agents are usually described as either individuals, organizations or (nation) - states. Non -state actors might involve a complexity appro ach to agent definition and agency concept in artificial society and polity models. Dimitrios Kotroyannos and his doctoral students, Stylianos Tzagkarakis, Apostolos Kamekis and Marinos Chourdakis introduce a model of welfare culture which is being develop ed in a Greek national education and social assi s tance research project. The welfare concept is usually related to the economic welfare theories. This approach suggests the extension of political culture area so as to include welfare issues. Welfare cultur e modeling points to the subculture emergence in societies under economical and political stress \u00b2 an issue which has not been approached so far in th e literature on social modeling. As it is, this volume highlights the Eastern European political culture modeling research resources, tendencies and methodological contributions. It aims at introducing young Eastern European authors and their researches and provides a signal that politica l methodology research needs further consideration, funding and networking in Eastern Europe and not only. References 1. Atanasov P., Cvetanova G. 2013. Indicators of Democratic Awareness in the Republic of Macedonia, EQPAM Vol.2 No.3, pp. 27 -39. 2. Axelrode R. 1995. Axelrod R. 1995. A Model of the Emergence of New Political Actors, in: Gilbert N. and Conte R. (eds.), Artificial Societies: the Computer Simulation of Social Life, London: University College Press. 3. )HUL\u00fd HB\u000fIMP]M 3RVMYH\u0143 9B 2013B 2SLQLRQ 3ROOV\u000f 9RPHUV\u00b7 HQPHQPLRQV MQG ([SH\u0143PMPLRQV LQ POH 2011 FURMPLMQ Parliamentary Elections, EQPAM Vol. 2 No.4, pp. 4 -15. 4. 3HPUL\u00ffX\u00e4L\u00fd $B 2013B GHPR\u0143UM\u0143\\ RLPORXP FLPL]HQV\u001d HQMGHTXMPH FRQVROLGMPLRQ LQ 7RR GH\u0143MGHV RI POH Western Balkans Democracy, EQPAM Vol.2 No. 4, pp.34 -54. 5. 6UNO\u00d3LQRYL\u00fd $B 2012B )URP FRUUXSP PR .QRROHGJH 6R\u0143LHPLHV\u001d +RR PR FOMQJH 0HQPMOLP\\\"\u000f EQPAM Vol.1 No.1, pp. 26 -37. 6. Tilly Ch. 1995. To Explain Political Processes , American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 100, No.6, pp. 1594 -1610. 10 11 ","related_references":[{"view":"P., A., G, C., K, L. (2013). Indicators of Democratic Awareness in the Republic of Macedonia\". Kultura, Skopje: European Quarterly of Political Attitudes and Mentalities EQPAM, 2(3), pp. 27-39.<\/a> <\/span>PDF<\/a>","pdf_url":"https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/bitstream\/handle\/document\/35009\/?sequence=1"},{"view":"Axelrode, R. (1995). Axelrod R.","pdf_url":""},{"view":"DORAN, J., GILBERT, N. G. (1994). Artificial Societies. The Computer Simulation of Social Processes. London: London:University of London Press.<\/a> ","pdf_url":""},{"view":"I., F., V, L. P. (2013). Opinion Polls, Voters' Intentions and Expectations in the 2011 Croatian Parliamentary Elections. European Quarterly on Political Attitudes and Mentalities, 2(4), pp. 4-15.<\/a> <\/span>PDF<\/a>","pdf_url":"https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/bitstream\/handle\/document\/36017\/?sequence=1"},{"view":"Petri\u010du\u0161i\u0107, A. (2013). Democracy without Citizens: Inadequate Consolidation in Two Decades of the Western Balkans Democracy, EQPAM Vol.2 No.4. European Quarterly of Political Attitudes and Mentalities, 2(4), pp. 34-54.<\/a> <\/span>PDF<\/a>","pdf_url":"https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/bitstream\/handle\/document\/36023\/?sequence=1"},{"view":"Srbljinovic, A. (2012). From Corrupt to Knowledge Societies: How To Change Mentality?. European Quarterly of Political Attitudes and Mentalities EQPAM, 1(1), pp. 26-37.<\/a> ","pdf_url":""},{"view":"Ch, T. (1995). To Explain Political Processes, in. The American Journal of Sociol- ogy, 100(6), pp. 1594-1610.<\/a> ","pdf_url":""}]},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":3,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"gesis-bib-45648","_version":1,"_seq_no":7465,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"coreAuthor":["Domanski, Henryk"],"coredoctypelitadd":["Monographie"],"coreJournalTitle":"Social Science Information","coreLanguage":["Franz\u00f6sisch (FR)"],"database":"GESIS - Bibliothek","data_source":"GESIS-BIB","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","fulltext":0,"gesis_own":1,"library_location":["K\u00f6ln Zeitschriftenaufsatz"],"person":["Domanski, Henryk"],"person_sort":"Domanski","publisher":"GESIS","source":"In: Social Science Information, vol. 38(1999) no. 3 ; p. 463-492. ISSN 0539-0184","subtype":"journal_article","title":"Major social transformations and social mobility : the case of the transition to and from communism in Eastern Europe","topic":["Zeitschriftenartikel"],"type":"publication","id":"gesis-bib-45648","index_source":"GESIS-BIB"},"system_type":"BASE","doc_rank":4,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"bibsonomy-beymeklausvon1994politische","_version":15,"_seq_no":120094,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"id":"bibsonomy-beymeklausvon1994politische","type":"publication","title":"Die politische Kultur Osteuropas im Wandel","date":"1994","date_recency":"1994","person":["Beyme, Klaus von"],"person_sort":"Beyme","language":"German","gesis_study_no":["ZA2222","ZA2223","ZA2224","ZA2225","ZA2226","ZA2227","ZA2228","ZA2229","ZA2230","ZA2231","ZA2232","ZA2233","ZA2251","ZA2321"],"source":"In Politische Kultur in Ost- und Westdeutschland, edited by Niedermayer, O. and Beyme, Klaus von, Akademie Verlag, 1994","coreEditor":"Niedermayer, O. and Beyme, Klaus von","corePublisher":"Akademie Verlag","coreSatit":"Politische Kultur in Ost- und Westdeutschland","coreJournalTitle":"","corePagerange":"","coreZsband":"","coreZsnummer":"","institution":"","abstract":"","bibtex_key":"beymeklausvon1994politische","remarks":"(Eurobarometer)","address":"Berlin","recordurl":"","document_type":"incollection","tags":["1994","EB_input2014","EB_pro","Eurobarometer","FDZ_IUP","GESIS-Studie","ZA2222","ZA2223","ZA2224","ZA2225","ZA2226","ZA2227","ZA2228","ZA2229","ZA2230","ZA2231","ZA2232","ZA2233","ZA2251","ZA2321","checked","german","incollection","input2014"],"data_source":["Eurobarometer-Bibliography"],"study_group":["EB - Standard and Special Eurobarometer"],"group_description":["Seit Anfang der siebziger Jahre erhebt die Europ\u00e4ische Kommission mit dem \"Standard and Special Eurobarometer\" regelm\u00e4\u00dfig die \u00f6ffentliche Meinung in den Mitgliedstaaten der Europ\u00e4ischen Union. Die Befragungen werden jeweils im Fr\u00fchjahr und im Herbst auf der Grundlage neuer Stichproben mit einer Gr\u00f6\u00dfe von 1000 Befragten pro Land pers\u00f6nlich durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr Nordirland und Ostdeutschland werden gesonderte Stichproben gezogen. Nach der EU-Erweiterung im Jahr 2004 werden auch die verbleibenden und die neuen Beitrittskandidaten regelm\u00e4\u00dfig in ausgew\u00e4hlte Umfragen einbezogen. Die Standard-Eurobarometer-Module fragen nach der Einstellung zur europ\u00e4ischen Einigung, zu den Institutionen und zur Politik, erg\u00e4nzt durch Messungen zu allgemeinen soziopolitischen Orientierungen sowie zu den demografischen Merkmalen der Befragten und der Haushalte. In unregelm\u00e4\u00dfigen Abst\u00e4nden befassen sich spezielle Eurobarometer-Module ausf\u00fchrlich mit Themen wie Umwelt, Wissenschaft und Technologie, Gesundheit oder Familie, soziale oder ethnische Ausgrenzung, Lebensqualit\u00e4t usw. Die \"European Communities Studies\" 1970-1973 k\u00f6nnen als Vorl\u00e4uferstudien angesehen werden, ebenso wie die \"Attitudes towards Europe\" von 1962."],"group_number":["0008"],"group_link":["http:\/\/www.gesis.org\/eurobarometer-data-service\/survey-series\/standard-special-eb\/"],"study_group_en":["EB - Standard and Special Eurobarometer"],"group_description_en":["Since the early nineteen seventies the European Commission\u00b4s \u201cStandard and Special Eurobarometer\u201d are regularly monitoring the public opinion in the European Union member countries at times. Interviews are conducted face-to-face, in each spring and each autumn, at all times based on new samples with a size 1000 respondents per country. Separate samples are drawn for Northern Ireland and East Germany. After the EU enlargement in 2004, remaining and new Candidate Countries are also regularly included in selected surveys. The Standard Eurobarometer modules ask for attitudes towards European unification, institutions and policies, complemented by measurements for general socio-political orientations, as well as by respondent and household demographics. Intermittently special Eurobarometer modules extensively address topics, such as environment, science and technology, health or family issues, social or ethnic exclusion, quality of life etc. The \u201cEuropean Communities Studies\u201d 1970-1973 can be considered forerunner studies, as well the \u201cAttitudes towards Europe\u201d from 1962."],"group_link_en":["http:\/\/www.gesis.org\/eurobarometer-data-service\/survey-series\/standard-special-eb\/"],"group_image_file":["eb_logo.jpg"],"index_source":"Bibsonomy","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool","gesis_own":1,"related_research_data":[{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (Italy)","id":"ZA2224"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (Spain)","id":"ZA2225"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (West Germany)","id":"ZA2226"},{"view":"Central and Eastern Eurobarometer 3 (Political Disintegration)","id":"ZA2321"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (European Russia)","id":"ZA2231"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (Ukraine)","id":"ZA2232"},{"view":"Central and Eastern Eurobarometer 2 (Current Affairs and the Media)","id":"ZA2251"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (Poland)","id":"ZA2230"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (Great Britain)","id":"ZA2223"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (Hungary)","id":"ZA2229"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (France)","id":"ZA2222"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (Czechoslovakia)","id":"ZA2228"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (Lithuania)","id":"ZA2233"},{"view":"The Pulse of Europe (East Germany)","id":"ZA2227"}],"link_count":14},"system_type":"BASE","doc_rank":5,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"csa-pais-1998-0603050","_version":1,"_seq_no":87495,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Probleme der Demokratisierung in den osteurop\u00e4ischen Transformationsl\u00e4ndern","id":"csa-pais-1998-0603050","date":"1997","date_recency":"1997","abstract":"Examines problems faced by Eastern and Central European countries in the democratization process.","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/csa-pais-1998-0603050","type":"publication","topic":["Eastern Europe","Government and politics","Central Europe","Government and politics","Democracy","Eastern Europe"],"person":["Juchler, Jakob"],"person_sort":"Juchler","source":"In: Osteuropa, 47, 1997, 898-913 : table(s)","links":[],"subtype":"journal_article","publisher":"ProQuest","database":"PAIS - Public Affairs Information Service","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","coreAuthor":["Juchler, Jakob"],"coreJournalTitle":"Osteuropa","coreZsband":"47","corePagerange":"898-913","coredoctypelitadd":["Aufsatz"],"coreLanguage":["Deutsch (DE)"],"coreIssn":"0030-6428","related_citations":[{"id":"csa-ps-200201481","view":"Elo, Kimmo (2001): Itaisen Saksan jarjestelmamuutos: Kriittisia huomioita transitiotutkimuksesta"}],"data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":0,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":6,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"bszbw-wao-104710950","_version":1,"_seq_no":71552,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"International migration and East-West migration - political and economic paradoxes","id":"bszbw-wao-104710950","date":"1991","date_recency":"1991","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/bszbw-wao-104710950","type":"publication","topic":["Osteuropa politisch","Westeuropa politisch","Migration"],"person":["Blaschke, Jochen"],"person_sort":"Blaschke","source":"In: Migration (Berlin), 1991, 11\/12 (1991) 3\/4, 5-21 :","links":[],"subtype":"journal_article","publisher":"FIV \u2013 Fachinformationsverbund Internationale Beziehungen und L\u00e4nderkunde","database":"WAO - World Affairs Online","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","coreAuthor":["Blaschke, Jochen"],"coreJournalTitle":"Migration (Berlin)","corePagerange":"5-21","coreLanguage":["Englisch (EN)"],"data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":0,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"BASE","doc_rank":7,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"gesis-ssoar-66114","_version":1,"_seq_no":39125,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Crises and the Transformation of the National Political Space in Europe","id":"gesis-ssoar-66114","date":"2019","date_recency":"2019","portal_url":"https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/66114","type":"publication","topic":["Europa","Wirtschaftskrise","Finanzkrise","Parteiensystem","politischer Wandel","politische Krise","politische Folgen"],"person":["Kriesi, Hanspeter","Hutter, Swen"],"person_sort":"KriesiHutter","source":"In: European Party Politics in Times of Crisis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2019, 3-32","links":[{"label":"DOI","link":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108652780.001"}],"subtype":"in_proceedings","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","document_type":"Sammelwerksbeitrag","institutions":["WZB"],"coreAuthor":["Kriesi, Hanspeter","Hutter, Swen"],"coreEditor":["Hutter, Swen","Kriesi, Hanspeter"],"coreSjahr":"2019","corePublisher":"Cambridge University Press","coreSatit":"European Party Politics in Times of Crisis","coreIsbn":"978-1-108-65278-0","publishLocation_str_mv":"Cambridge","coreLanguage":"en","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/9781108652780.001","data_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","index_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","database":"SSOAR - Social Science Open Access Repository","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"metadata_quality":10},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":8,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"csa-ps-228852","_version":1,"_seq_no":73882,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Wo befindet sich Osteuropa?","id":"csa-ps-228852","date":"1990","date_recency":"1990","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/csa-ps-228852","type":"publication","topic":["Politics","Europe, East"],"person":["Jahn, Egbert"],"person_sort":"Jahn","source":"In: Osteuropa, 40, 1990, 5, 418 S.","links":[],"subtype":"journal_article","publisher":"ProQuest","database":"WPSA - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","coreAuthor":["Jahn, Egbert"],"coreJournalTitle":"Osteuropa","coreZsband":"40","coreZsnummer":"5","coredoctypelitadd":["Keine Angabe"],"coreIssn":"0030-6428","related_citations":[{"id":"csa-ps-200510743","view":"Franke, Steffi (2004): Politische Raume und nationale Identitat. Der Mitteleuropadiskurs in der Tschechischen Republik"}],"data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":0,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":9,"rid":52738087},{"_index":"gesis-31-10-2026-01-00-50","_id":"gesis-bib-51818","_version":1,"_seq_no":8827,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"coreAuthor":["Crawford, Beverly","Lijphart, Arend"],"coredoctypelitadd":["Monographie"],"coreJournalTitle":"Comparative Political Studies","coreLanguage":["Englisch (EN)"],"database":"GESIS - Bibliothek","data_source":"GESIS-BIB","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","fulltext":0,"gesis_own":1,"library_location":["K\u00f6ln Zeitschriftenaufsatz"],"person":["Crawford, Beverly","Lijphart, Arend"],"person_sort":"CrawfordLijphart","publisher":"GESIS","source":"In: Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 28, 1995, Nr. 2, pp. 171.. ISSN 0010-4140","subtype":"journal_article","title":"Explaining political and economic change in post-communist Eastern Europe. Old legacies, new institutions, hegemonic norms and international pressures","topic":["Zeitschriftenartikel"],"type":"publication","id":"gesis-bib-51818","index_source":"GESIS-BIB"},"system_type":"BASE","doc_rank":10,"rid":52738087}]}}