{"hits":{"total":{"value":10,"relation":"eq"},"hits":[{"_index":"gesis-21-05-2026-02-00-54","_id":"csa-ps-200501025","_version":1,"_seq_no":72553,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Europeanisation: Solution or Problem?","id":"csa-ps-200501025","date":"2004","date_recency":"2004","abstract":"Is there something new in recent research on Europeanization? Or should we go back to what we already know about political integration in Europe & avoid the term? This article reviews recent work in four steps: the identification of the specific domain of Europeanization; the relationship between Europeanization, on the one hand, & governance, institutions, & discourse, on the other; the methodological problems & the models emerging in this new field of research; & an assessment of the results arising out of theoretical & empirical research. One theme throughout the article is that, in order to develop a progressive agenda, Europeanization should be seen as a problem, not as a solution. It is neither a new theory, nor an ad-hoc approach. Rather, it is a way of orchestrating existing concepts & to contribute to cumulative research in political science. Europeanization does not provide any simple fix to theoretical or empirical problems. Quite the opposite, it can deliver if approached as a set of puzzles. A problem in search of explanation -- not the explanation itself (Gualini 2003). The conclusion is that Europeanization has contributed to the emergence of new insights, original explanations, & interesting questions on three important issues: the understanding & analysis of 'impact', how to endogenize international governance in models of domestic politics, & the relationship between agency & change. These three issues are prominent in the research agendas of international relations, theoretical policy analysis, & comparative politics. To contribute to major issues at the core of political science is a valuable result for a relatively new field of inquiry. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 100 References. Adapted from the source document.","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/csa-ps-200501025","type":"publication","topic":["Europe","Political Integration","International Relations","Political Science Research","Political Science Theories","Theoretical Problems","Methodological Problems"],"person":["Radaelli, Claudio M."],"person_sort":"Radaelli","source":"In: European Integration - Online Papers, 8, 2004, 16, 1-23","links":[],"subtype":"journal_article","publisher":"ProQuest","database":"WPSA - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","coreAuthor":["Radaelli, Claudio M."],"coreJournalTitle":"European Integration - Online Papers","coreZsband":"8","coreZsnummer":"16","corePagerange":"1-23","coredoctypelitadd":["Aufsatz"],"coreLanguage":["Englisch (EN)"],"coreIssn":"1027-5193","related_citations":[{"id":"csa-ps-201055049","view":"Kassim, Hussein (2010): Review of Politiques publiques. 1, La France dans la gouvernance europeenne, edited by Olivier Borraz and Virginie Guiraudon"},{"id":"csa-ps-200606288","view":"de Beus, Jos; Mak, Jeannette (2005): European Integration without Europeanization: Assets and Limits of Economism as a Pragmatic Frame of European Politics"},{"id":"csa-ps-201016906","view":"Sanchez Salgado, Rosa (2009): Les effets des programmes europeens sur les associations du secteur social: une influence a niveaux multiples"},{"id":"csa-ps-201105199","view":"Lynggaard, Kennet (2011): Domestic change in the face of European integration and globalization: Methodological pitfalls and pathways"},{"id":"csa-ps-201036758","view":"Trnski, Marko (2009): No Policy on the Horizon? Europeanization and Regional Policy in Croatia"},{"id":"csa-ps-200921277","view":"Eralp, Atila (2009): The role of temporality and interaction in the Turkey-EU relationship"},{"id":"csa-ps-201012960","view":"Zemanova, Stepanka (2007): Vyzkum europeizace -- aktualni problemy a perspektivy"},{"id":"csa-ps-201022750","view":"Axt, Heinz-Jurgen (2009): Cyprus: Conflict Resolution through Europeanisation? Most Recent Experiences and Perspectives"},{"id":"csa-sa-201066814","view":"Krizsan, Andrea; Popa, Raluca (2010): Europeanization in Making Policies against Domestic Violence in Central and Eastern Europe"}],"data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":0,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"BASE","doc_rank":1,"rid":28959657},{"_index":"gesis-21-05-2026-02-00-54","_id":"gesis-solis-00307107","_version":1,"_seq_no":74147,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Whither europeanization? : concept stretching and substantive change","id":"gesis-solis-00307107","date":"2000","date_recency":"2000","abstract":"\"Dieser Beitrag diskutiert das Konzept der Europ\u00e4isierung im Lichte der Forschung zu den Einwirkungen der Entscheidungsprozesse und Politiken der Europ\u00e4ischen Union. Vor der empirischen Analyse muss die konzeptionelle stehen. Daher untersucht der Autor zun\u00e4chst die Gefahr der konzeptionellen \u00dcberdehnung, diskutiere Ausma\u00df und Intensit\u00e4t der Europ\u00e4isierung und schl\u00e4gt eine Taxonomie vor, um das Konzept zu operationalisieren und empirische Forschung zu organisieren. Die Erkl\u00e4rung der Europ\u00e4isierung fu\u00dft auf Mechanismen und Variablen, die noch weiterer Kl\u00e4rung bed\u00fcrfen, doch k\u00f6nnen bereits hier einige vorl\u00e4ufige Ergebnisse vorgestellt werden. Weitere Forschung sollte sich auf die Ebene der Politiken (und deren Interaktion mit Makro-Strukturen) konzentrieren und auf gegenseitige Befruchtung mit theoretischer Politikanalyse und Internationalen Beziehungen abzielen, um so das Risiko einer intellektuellen Segregation zu vermeiden.\" (Autorenreferat)","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/gesis-solis-00307107","type":"publication","topic":["Europ\u00e4isierung","EU","politische Entscheidung","Prozess","Konzeption","Intensit\u00e4t","europ\u00e4ische Integration"],"person":["Radaelli, Claudio M."],"person_sort":"Radaelli","source":"In: European Integration online Papers, Vol. 4, 2000, 22 S.","links":[{"label":"Volltext","link":"http:\/\/eiop.or.at\/eiop\/pdf\/2000-008.pdf"}],"subtype":"journal_article","publisher":"GESIS","database":"SOLIS - Sozialwissenschaftliches Literaturinformationssystem","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","coreAuthor":["Radaelli, Claudio M."],"coreJournalTitle":"European Integration online Papers","coreZsband":"Vol. 4","coredoctypelitadd":["Aufsatz"],"coreLanguage":["Englisch (EN)"],"coreIssn":"1027-5193","data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":2,"rid":28959657},{"_index":"gesis-21-05-2026-02-00-54","_id":"gesis-ssoar-28022","_version":3,"_seq_no":139584,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Verbesserung der polizeilichen Zusammenarbeit zwischen EU und T\u00fcrkei durch Europ\u00e4isierung der inneren Sicherheit: eine Untersuchung am Beispiel der Terrorismusbek\u00e4mpfung","id":"gesis-ssoar-28022","date":"2009","date_recency":"2009","abstract":"'Bei der Arbeit handelt es sich um eine vergleichende Untersuchung am Beispiel polizeilicher Zusammenarbeit zwischen einem Staatenverbund ohne Rechtspers\u00f6nlichkeit (EU) und einem Beitrittsland mit traditionellem Staatsverst\u00e4ndnis (T\u00fcrkei). Europ\u00e4isierung wird hier als ein L\u00f6sungskonzept zur Verbesserung polizeilicher Zusammenarbeit in Europa vorgestellt. Um dieses Konzept besser zu erkl\u00e4ren, wird Terrorismus zum Gegenstand der Analyse gemacht. W\u00e4hrend die EU in dieser Arbeit als Arena einerseits und als Impulsgeber andererseits der Europ\u00e4isierung der inneren Sicherheit sowie der Bek\u00e4mpfung des Terrorismus thematisiert wird, wird die T\u00fcrkei als Teil Europas er\u00f6rtert. Europol wird deswegen als ein spezifisches Modell der polizeilichen Zusammenarbeit dargestellt und werden die m\u00f6glichen Wechselbeziehungen mit der T\u00fcrkei untersucht. Auch werden die Beziehungen zwischen Freiheit und Sicherheit insbesondere im Bereich der Bek\u00e4mpfung des Terrorismus unter die Lupe genommen. Im Abgrenzung zum Forschungsstand fokussiert die vorliegende Arbeit nicht nur auf die Verletzungen der Freiheiten wegen der staatlichen Despotie, sondern auch auf die Beschr\u00e4nkungen der Freiheiten wegen der mit dem Terrorismus gegebenen Unsicherheit. Deswegen ist die Schaffung einer gemeinsamen Definition und Einordnung des Terrorismus auf regionaler (europ\u00e4ischer) Ebene wie im Bereich der Gew\u00e4hrleistung der Menschenrechte unabdingbar. Die Regelungen und Strategien der EU zur Bek\u00e4mpfung des Terrorismus werden in diesem Sinne er\u00f6rtert und der Anpassungsdruck der T\u00fcrkei an diese Regelungen sowie ihre Kapazit\u00e4ten im Rahmen dieser Strategien werden analysiert. Diese Arbeit besteht aus 5 Teilen. In der Einleitung geht es zuerst um den Sicherheitsbegriff und ihre Wechselbeziehungen. W\u00e4hrend Kapitel 2 sich der inneren Sicherheitspolitik der EU widmet, f\u00fchrt Kapitel 3 in alle Aspekte der inneren Sicherheitspolitik der T\u00fcrkei ein. Im 4. Kapitel wird die Europ\u00e4isierung der inneren Sicherheit und der Bek\u00e4mpfung des Terrorismus untersucht. Erst wird das Gesamtbild der EU und der T\u00fcrkei in Bezug auf die Europ\u00e4isierung der inneren Sicherheit kritisiert. Danach wird die Europ\u00e4isierung der Bek\u00e4mpfung des Terrorismus recherchiert. Im letzten Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse der Arbeit in Form eigener Thesen zusammengefasst. Der Versuch eines realistischen Ausblickes in die Zukunft der inneren Sicherheit sowie der Bek\u00e4mpfung des Terrorismus in der EU und in der T\u00fcrkei wird unternommen.' (Autorenreferat)","portal_url":"http:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/28022","type":"publication","topic":["Kooperation","Polizei","innere Sicherheit","Europ\u00e4isierung","europ\u00e4ische Sicherheit","Terrorismus","T\u00fcrkei","EU"],"person":["Pehlivan, Emrah"],"person_sort":"Pehlivan","links":[{"label":"URN","link":"http:\/\/nbn-resolving.de\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-280226"}],"document_type":"Dissertation","coreAuthor":["Pehlivan, Emrah"],"coreSjahr":"2009","publishLocation_str_mv":"Duisburg","coreLanguage":"de","urn":"urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-280226","data_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","index_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","database":"SSOAR - Social Science Open Access Repository","link_count":1,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"metadata_quality":10,"related_references":[{"view":"Kn\u00f6bl, V. (1995). Wolfgang: Polizei und Herrschaft im Modernisierungsprozess. Berlin:.","pdf_url":""},{"view":"Bauer, V., Michael\/Algieri, F. (2006). 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The book provides a fresh theoretical framework to understand European responses to the international migration of people and explains the dynamics of Germany\u2019s migration and refugee policy during the last two decades. Against traditional theories and their inherent focus on the national political sphere, the book highlights supranational and multi-level political processes as increasingly important factors to account for national policy changes. Confronted with the most recent developments of international migration, the study offers students and practitioners the necessary background to participate in today's debates.","portal_url":"https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/83050","type":"publication","topic":["Migration","internationale Wanderung","Migrationspolitik","Fl\u00fcchtlingspolitik","Bundesrepublik Deutschland","Asylpolitik","Asylrecht","Fl\u00fcchtlingsrecht","Abschiebung","EU"],"person":["Ette, Andreas"],"person_sort":"Ette","links":[{"label":"URN","link":"http:\/\/nbn-resolving.de\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-83050-3"},{"label":"DOI","link":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3224\/84742083"}],"publisher":"Barbara Budrich Publishers","document_type":"Monographie","institutions":["Verlag Barbara Budrich"],"coreAuthor":["Ette, Andreas"],"coreSjahr":"2017","corePublisher":"Barbara Budrich Publishers","coreZsband":"51","coreIsbn":"978-3-8474-1077-5","publishLocation_str_mv":"Opladen","coreLanguage":"en","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3224\/84742083","urn":"urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-83050-3","data_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","index_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","database":"SSOAR - Social Science Open Access Repository","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"metadata_quality":10,"related_references":[{"view":"Alexy, R. 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(n.d.). Heidemarie 229.","pdf_url":""},{"view":"Fertilit\u00e4t, Z. T., Familie, M., Mobilit\u00e4t, A., S., Wandel, . (n.d.). Sie wurde 1975 gegr\u00fcndet, ist begutachtet und erscheint etwa ein bis zwei Mal j\u00e4hrlich.","pdf_url":""}]},"system_type":"BASE","doc_rank":5,"rid":28959657},{"_index":"gesis-21-05-2026-02-00-54","_id":"gesis-solis-00540185","_version":1,"_seq_no":87387,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Deutschland und Europa : die Europ\u00e4isierung des politischen Systems","id":"gesis-solis-00540185","date":"2009","date_recency":"2009","abstract":"Die Leitfrage der vorliegenden empirischen Untersuchung lautet: Wie ist es zu erkl\u00e4ren, dass sich in Deutschland ein Jahrzehnte w\u00e4hrender integrationsbef\u00fcrwortender Konsens zu einer deutlich distanzierteren Haltung gegen\u00fcber Europa entwickelt hat? Es wird detailliert nachgezeichnet, auf welche Weise \"Europa\" die politischen Prozesse und Institutionen der Bundesrepublik \u00fcber die Jahre hinweg ver\u00e4ndert hat. Der Fokus liegt dabei nicht allein auf der Anpassungsdynamik des nationalen an das transnationale Regime. Gleichzeitig wird auch der Funktionsweise der Institutionen und den daraus resultierenden Handlungsanreizen f\u00fcr die politischen Akteure im deutschen System besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Nach einem einleitenden \u00dcberblick zum Forschungsstand werden im zweiten Kapitel die Europ\u00e4isierung und die politische Dynamik in Europa auf den Analyseebenen von Polity, Politics und Policy beleuchtet. Das dritte Kapitel untersucht den europ\u00e4ischen Politik-Zyklus und den Wandel des euroapolitischen Paradigmas. Das vierte Kapitel setzt sich mit den Einstellungen der Deutschen zu Europa auseinander, bevor das f\u00fcnfte Kapitel die intermedi\u00e4re Sph\u00e4re in Form der Interessengruppen sowie der politischen Parteien behandelt. Das sechste Kapitel stellt das Regierungshandeln in der Europapolitik in den Mittelpunkt, w\u00e4hrend das siebte Kapitel die in der Europapolitik aktiven parlamentarischen Kammern des Bundestags und des Bundesrates betrachtet. Im res\u00fcmierenden achten Kapitel wird die Charakterver\u00e4nderung der Demokratie er\u00f6rtert. (ICI2)","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/gesis-solis-00540185","type":"publication","topic":["Bundesrepublik Deutschland","Europa","europ\u00e4ische Integration","Europapolitik","historische Entwicklung","Bundesregierung","politisches Handeln","politische Einstellung","Bundestag","Bundesrat","Europ\u00e4isierung","politisches System"],"person":["Beichelt, Timm"],"person_sort":"Beichelt","source":"Wiesbaden, VS Verl. f\u00fcr Sozialwiss., 2009, 364 S. : Tab., Abb., graf. Darst.","links":[{"label":"DOI","link":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-531-91722-1"}],"subtype":"book","publisher":"GESIS","database":"SOLIS - Sozialwissenschaftliches Literaturinformationssystem","document_type":"Buch","coreAuthor":["Beichelt, Timm"],"corePublisher":"VS Verl. f\u00fcr Sozialwiss.","coreIsbn":"978-3-531-15141-0","coredoctypelitadd":["Monographie"],"coreLanguage":["Deutsch (DE)"],"coreDoi":["10.1007\/978-3-531-91722-1"],"data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":6,"rid":28959657},{"_index":"gesis-21-05-2026-02-00-54","_id":"gesis-ssoar-45787","_version":3,"_seq_no":95809,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Are times of Europeanisation times of the gender experts? The window of opportunity in the EU accession process in Croatia","id":"gesis-ssoar-45787","date":"2015","date_recency":"2015","abstract":"Die EU setzt Standards in unterschiedlichen Fragen der Sozialpolitik, und damit auch auf dem Gebiet der Gleichstellungspolitik. In der Zeitspanne vor dem Beitritt eines Landes zur EU bedeutet die \u00dcbernahme der aktuellen EU Standards eines Politikfeldes zun\u00e4chst einmal die Erf\u00fcllung der von der EU vorgegebenen Beitrittsbedingungen. Entsprechend ist diese Vor-Beitrittsphase eine wichtige Zeit der Anpassung und Transformation in Bezug auf politische Vorgaben und Gesetze, und dar\u00fcber hinaus von politischen Standards und gesellschaftlichen Diskursen. Somit hat gerade diese Phase des EU-Beitritts das Potential, bedeutenden Wandel von Vorstellungen und Meinungsbildern zu beg\u00fcnstigen. Gerade die Gleichstellungspolitik kann als hochgradig umk\u00e4mpftes Politikfeld gelten, da hier Ver\u00e4nderungen von Traditionen und Lebensentw\u00fcrfen angeregt werden, die traditionell als pers\u00f6nliche Entscheidungen und private \u00dcberzeugungen gelten. In diesem Artikel geht es um einen Aspekt dieses Zusammenspiels von unterschiedlichen Dynamiken der Vor-Beitrittsphase, indem die M\u00f6glichkeiten einer aktiven Teilnahme an diesen Prozessen und der Beeinflussung des stattfindenden Wandels durch nationale Genderakteurinnen im Rahmen ihrer Arbeit zur Herstellung von Gleichstellung in Kroatien er\u00f6rtert wird. Mit Hilfe von Expertinneninterviews mit kroatischen Genderexpertinnen aus Politik und Zivilgesellschaft wird zum einen der Frage nachgegangen, welche Bedeutung die Europ\u00e4isierung f\u00fcr die Expertinnen als g\u00fcnstiges Zeitfenster zur St\u00e4rkung ihrer Bem\u00fchungen hat und zum anderen, welchen Einfluss diese Expertinnen wiederum auf den Grad und die konkreten Realisierungen der Europ\u00e4isierung der Gleichstellungspolitik hatten.","portal_url":"http:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/45787","type":"publication","topic":["Frauenbewegung","Gleichstellung","Transformation","Empowerment","Europ\u00e4isierung","postsozialistisches Land","Gleichstellungspolitik","Gender","Geschlechterpolitik","Feminismus","EU-Beitritt","europ\u00e4ische Sozialpolitik","Kroatien"],"person":["Kersten-Pejanic, Roswitha"],"person_sort":"Kersten-Pejanic","source":"In: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift f\u00fcr feministische Politikwissenschaft, 24, 2015, 2, 28-40","links":[{"label":"URN","link":"http:\/\/nbn-resolving.de\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-457870"}],"subtype":"journal_article","document_type":"Zeitschriftenartikel","institutions":["Verlag Barbara Budrich"],"coreAuthor":["Kersten-Pejanic, Roswitha"],"coreSjahr":"2015","coreJournalTitle":"Femina Politica - Zeitschrift f\u00fcr feministische Politikwissenschaft","coreZsband":"24","coreZsnummer":"2","coreLanguage":"en","urn":"urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-457870","coreIssn":"1433-6359","data_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","index_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","database":"SSOAR - Social Science Open Access Repository","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"metadata_quality":10,"full_text":" GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA Van der Vleuten , Anna\/ Verloo , Mieke, 2012: Ranking and Benchmarking: The political logic of new regulatory instruments in the fields of gender equality and anti-cor ruption. In: Policy & Poli tics. 40 (1), 71-86. Velluti , Samantha, 2014: Gender regimes and gender equality measures in Central Eastern Euro pean Countries post-accession: the case of Hungary and Poland. In: Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy. 30 (1), 79-91. Wilde , Gabriele, 2015: Supranationale Gouvernementalit\u00e4t: Zur Neuordnung d es Verh\u00e4ltnisses von Recht, politischer Herrschaft und demokratischen Geschlechterverh\u00e4 ltnissen. In: Abbas, Na bila\/F\u00f6rster, Annette\/Richter, Emanuel (Hg.): Supranationalit\u00e4t und Demokratie. Die Europ\u00e4ische Union in Zeiten der Krise. Wiesbaden, 87-110. Are Times of Europeanisation Times of the Gender Experts? The Window of Opportunity in the EU Accession Process in Croatia 1 ROSWITHA KERSTEN-PEJANI C\u00b4 Introduction: Tracing Europeanisation in Practice The full accession of Croatia to the European Union (EU) in July 2013 opens up a range of possibilities for testing and observing matters of Europeanisation . Study ing questions of Europeanisation gives us some very essential answers on how the European Union matters, not just in Brussels. And not just for the single market. The EU has established dominant models regarding social matters, one of which is gender equality. In the phase prior to accession of a given country to the EU, adapting the current dominant model of a political field often constitutes a matter of fulfilling the conditions for actually becoming a member state. Hence , the preaccession period is a high point regarding a country\"s transformation in matters of policies and polities as well as dominant models, discourses and standards, and can be a time of substantial change in belief systems. Gender equality makes up for a notably contested field of social politics, as it is often aimed at chan ging traditions and orders of social life, traditionally perceived as personal choices a nd private convictions. The following study is concerned with one aspect of the interplay of these pre-accession features, namely, the possibility of agency for domestic gender experts pushing for changes in the gender equality order of Croatia. In search for such agency, expert interviews have been conducted with political gender actors and members of feminist organisations of Croatian civil society. These interviews provide an insight into the experiences of experts with the Europeanisation of Croatian gender equal28 POLITICA FEMINA 2015 2 | FP_02_15_009_082.indd 28 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA ity standards, and show some aspects of their specific role in the realisation of the relevant provisions. 2 Studies on Europeanisation create a highly specialised research field in the analysis of the EU. With the accession of Central and Eastern European states (CEES) in 200 4 and the 2007 enlargement featuring the South-Eastern European countries Bulgaria and Romania, studying the direct impact of the EU on the (accessing) member states has become even more enriched with data and recent research questions. According to B\u00f6rzel\/Risse, \u0093(w)ith the borders of the European Union moving south-eastwards, we have been awarded yet another real-world experiment on the domestic impact of the EU\" (2012, 92). The last enlargement round, with Croatia joining the EU in July 2013 - which is in the centre of this paper - has currently completed this picture of ample empirical breadth. With the accessing states as one-to-one observation objects of the changes put into practice, of the challenges and benefits in fulfilling the expectations and requirements of the EU, of the resistances against and of the actual impacts of these changes, there is a new and rich ground of case studies and empirical data to be ex plored and developed (cf. Grabbe 2003, 305). While Schimmelfennig\/Sedelmeier observe an \u0093unprecedented influence\" (2005a, 1) of the EU on the CEES in \u0093restruc turing domestic institutions and the entire range of public policies\" (ibid.), the main concern of this paper is domestic actors\" influence on these processes of restructur ing. While the empirical and material part of Europeanisation research has its strong standing in a rich variety of questions and problems, there seems to be a shortcoming in the theoretical and knowledge-developing aspects of this research field (cf. Auel 2006, 294). Given the fact that studies on Europeanisation have their roots in differ ent theories of European integration (cf. B\u00f6rzel\/Risse 2000, 8; Flockhart 2010, 788; Freyburg\/Richter 2010, 265), the major concerns have focused on methodological questions. As Radaelli puts it: \u0093Europeanisation is not a new theory. It is an ap proach that enables us to orchestrate existing concepts (...). It is a process, rather than end-state. It is an explanandum, rather than an explanans \" ( 2004, 5-6). Such an understanding of Europeanisation is also depicted by Traguth\/H\u00fcttemann, who suggest \u0093(...) to develop Europeanisation as a concept establishing a causal relation ship between developments (...) occurring at EU level and (...) within members states...\" ( 2009, 99) . Concepts of Europeanisation models proposed by B\u00f6rzel\/Risse as well as by Traguth\/ H\u00fcttemann also take account of the fact that Europeanisation is a process generating changes at the domestic level through \u0093adaptational pressure\" ( Traguth\/H\u00fcttemann 2009, 100) leading to \u0093impacts upon the domestic processes, policies and institu tions\" (B\u00f6rzel\/Risse 2000, 3). B\u00f6rzel\/Risse in their early account of Europeanisation see the leading aspect of these mechanisms in the question regarding \u0093the goodness of fit \" (B\u00f6rzel\/Risse 2000, 6), pointing to the potential convergence versus the po tential gap between EU incentives and the domestic state of the art on a given i ssue. POLITICAFEMINA 2015 | 2 29 FP_02_15_009_082.indd 29 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA Apart from this very principal mechanism, Radaelli adduces how Europeanisation can have an impact not only in terms of adaptational pressure and hierarchical gov ernance (cf. Traguth\/H\u00fcttemann 2009, 100) through demands stated by the EU of ficially, but also in a more indirect way as part of cooperative processes of social learning, e.g. with other member states. Another important analytical step suggested by Radaelli (2003) - explanations (as opposed to the mechanisms of the process of Europeanisation) - is concerned with the possible intervening variables in explaining the outcome as well as the \u0093likeli hood and direction of change\" (Radaelli 2003, 45) in the process of Europeanisa tion in a given case at stake. These variables can be found in the role certain actors, discourses, time frames, institutions and institutional capacities play for the specific kind and dimension of the Europeanisation process. With a focus on such mecha nisms and explanations, we can also challenge the dominant tendency in research studies mainly exploring top-down processes of Europeanisation (cf. Radaelli 2004, 4; cf. also McCauley 2011, 1021). For the following analysis of pre-accession Europeanisation of gender policies in Croatia and the role of gender experts within this realm, the analytical step of ex plaining how pressures and incentives set by the EU are met by domestic actors is at the centre of interest. Yet, stressing the relevance of bottom-up pressures by domestic actors during the accession period should not lead to overlooking that what deter mines the rules of the game, especially in times of accession conditionality, is the very dominant and demanding position of the European Union vis-\u00e0-vis candidate states (see also the External Incentives Model in Schimmelfennig\/Sedelmeier 2005a, 10; 2005b, 220). Croatia: Discourses on Gender Equality in a Newly Europeanised State Already prior to the dynamic impacts of the Europeanisation process, the former socialist countries in Eastern Europe have experienced major political and social changes in the last decades since the fall of the Berlin Wall. Europeanisation as one of these changes is hard to distinguish from other major developments in the region, such as democratisation or transformation altogether (cf. Caratan 2009, 171). In addition, the so-called transformation in CEES has added special conditions to the processes of Europeanisation, with the EU being the major external actor in \u0093rein forcing and accelerating transition to democracy and market economies\" (H\u00e9ritier 2005, 204). The transformation, with its clashes of leadership, public influence and belief sys tems has created a severe backlash for many groups of people. Women, but also LGBT people and ethnic or national minorities have been targets of rising conserva tive and nationalist discourses and attacks. In Croatia these tendencies have been even stronger and specifically influential after the devastating period of the war and the chauvinistic and nationalistic time of the 1990s that followed the war and the 30 FEMINAPOLITICA 2015 2 | FP_02_15_009_082.indd 30 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA breakup of Yugoslavia (cf. Ivo , with the referendum against same-sex marriage in December 2013 as a last visible outcome of the relevant attitudes. Gender policies play a role in the process of EU integration, although presumably a small one in comparison to other areas of political activity. The third of the Co penhagen criteria refers to the mandatory adoption of the acquis communautaire : i.e., acquired laws, case law and other institutional EU legislation. Still, the EU has, despite all rhetorical force, shown to be a rather weak actor in promoting gender equality practices ( cf . MacRae 2010, 156; Dobroti Matkovi \/Zrin ak 2013, 223). Hence, the actual outcome of a de jure implementation of the gender acquis often depends on mediating factors such as women\"s movements in the given country (cf. Avdeyeva 2009) . This seems to be a valid evaluation of the Europeanisation process with regard to gender equality, despite the fact that \u0093applicants are committed to converging with a maximalist version of the EU policies\" (Grabbe 2003, 307), and it seems to be above all a matter of the lack of real commitment of the EU with regard to social policy altogether (cf . Grabbe 2003, 324) and gender policies especially ( cf . MacRae 2010). The 2004 enlargement has been well reviewed and examined, one common finding being that gender policy has been given too small a role in the negotiation processes in comparison to its prominent standing in official statements ( cf . Unm \u00fc ssig \/ Allrog gen 2006, 56; Feldmann-Wojtachnia 2005, 162). Yet, integration, still has non-negli gible positive implications for social and economic equality and especially regarding raising awareness of existing structural disadvantages based on gender: \u0093Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the emphasis placed on equal opportunity issues by vari ous EU institutions and leaders during the accession process has led to a growing awareness of gender issues in the societies of candidate countries\" (Watson 2002, 51). Even MacRae, in a critical assessment of the EU\"s gender myth , grants the EU some importance regarding the diffusion of gender equality policies: \u0093There is some truth to the myth that the EU has been a key promoter of gender equality polity\" (2010, 160). The former Yugoslav area currently experiences different, overlapping discourses regarding socially accepted gender roles, with a perceivable impact on the diver gence of attitudes about gender equality. After decades of communist politics and a formal equality discourse which officially considers the question of women\"s rights solved, notions of gender equality have been largely challenged since the breakdown son 2012; Mel . This challenge comes with a strong nationalist and religious counter-discourse that manifests itself in a particularly strong role allocation with coalitions of conservative and religious forces have been able to dominate public dis are additionally tested and overlaid by EU discourse(s) on gender equality, as these POLITICAFEMINA 2015 | 2 31 FP_02_15_009_082.indd 31 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA backward, nationalist and essentialist discourses with their severe impact on gender questions have been deeply challenged by the strife for membership in the European Union and the attendant need to get in line with the gender acquis (cf. Galligan\/ Clavero 2012; Fuhrman 2005). Especially for Croatia, these incentives for structural changes have been evaluated as quite successful, at least with regard to the har monisation of laws and a declared political commitment to gender equality and equal rights for all people (cf. \u008apehar 2011, 9). Since European integration has been a long-term shared aim of representatives of the 75), women\"s activists and gender experts working on gender questions have been enabled to use the EU as an argument in pushing for gender legislation (cf. Sta chowitsch 2006, 236). This rhetorical part of the use of the window of opportunity (cf. Dobroti Matkovi Zrin ak 2013, 219) by Croatian gender actors has helped to change the official discourse on gender equality in the last years. Still lagging behind is the actual implementation and practicability of these developments for people confronted with discrimination, e.g., in the work place. Prevailing regimes of inequality in people\"s private lives and domestic arrangements are also highly problematic (cf. Baranovi A slow development of ur gently necessary institutional reforms has been problematised by many studies (cf. a final implementation of gender legislation (cf. Bodiroga-Vukobrat 2013, 44). In addition, there is a prevailing lack of consciousness that discrimination and unequal treatment are matters that can actually be acted against (cf. \u008apehar 2011, 12). It is due to the continuing pressure of legal experts that this situation is slowly changing (cf. Bodiroga-Vukobrat 2013, 45), as well as due to their ability to build what Liebert calls gender policy advocacy coalitions (2002, 249). Europeanising Gender S tandards in Croatia The \u0093hard\" part of EU equality policies that is determined by directives and Trea ties relates mainly to social politics and especially to non-discrimination within the work place. Given the adaptational pressure (cf. Radaelli 2003, 42) attached to them - clearly deduced from the fact that the European Commission was directly requiring and monitoring the implementation of these policy changes in its annual Progress Reports on Croatia in the twelve years preceding accession , the required changes are framed in a bluntly hierarchical top-down logic. Bulmer\/Radaelli de scribe the hierarchical order attached to that matter with a coercive ne ed and a direct impact of the EU level: \u0093(...) the agreed policy template has to b e \u0091downloaded\" to the member state level. The commission has to ensure that legislation is properly implemented, and it can refer laggard governments to the ECJ if necessar y. The su premacy of European law is indicative of the hierarchical nature of arra ngements\" (2005, 344). 32 FEMINAPOLITICA 2015 2 | FP_02_15_009_082.indd 32 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA Yet, next to these acquis requirements, there is a great variety of non-binding aspects of gender equality politics. Auel, referring to Radaelli, points to a range of indirect effects that are able to empower national actors to influence the domestic structure of a given political matter (cf. Auel 2006, 305) . This is the case for a range of related issues on gender equality that do not necessarily fall under the EU\"s binding gender legislation but are still emphasised as important and relevant problems with a clear opportunity to be tackled within the adjustment process of pre-accession European isation. What Radaelli calls \u0093domestic opportunity structure\" (2003, 42) is a chance for domestic actors to influence the shaping of gender politics beyond those clearlydefined policies that need to be integrated anyway. In the Croatian case, gender ex perts have been enabled by the fact that Europeanisation has led to such beneficial domestic opportunity structures in matters of gender equality politics. Yet, the time frame of these beneficial structures has been a strictly limited period in which this window of opportunity has been open and propitious for their working agenda. The Official Setting of Gender Expertise in Croatia Two main official institutions in promoting and pushing gender equality politics in Croatia are the Government\"s Office for Gender Equality (Office) and the Office of the Ombudswoman for Gender Equality (Ombudswoman). Both institutions were established in 2004, with the first Gender Equality Act of 2003 (cf. Hrvatski Sabor 2003) providing their legal basis. Their importance for the development of gender equality politics and the implementation of the EU\"s gender acquis lies above all in their role as domestic mediators (cf. Grabbe 2003, 319). The actual outcome of EU incentives for the Croatian context is largely due to these institutions. Their roles are quite neatly (but not exclusively) divided regarding their parts in the Europeanisa tion of Croatian gender equality. While the Office is active in adapting the rules and creating the relevant laws, the Ombudswoman focuses on the actual implementation This active role in the formal adaptation is illustrated by Helena \u008atimac Radin, Head of the Office, when she states: \u0093In 2008 we have been working on the new Act on Gender Equality 3 , which has at large been compiled here in the Office \" ( \u008atimac Radin 2014). Regarding the Office \"s collaboration with the Commission and the institution\"s role as the first contact with regard to the adaptation of the Croatian law to the acquis , \u008atimac Radin explains: \u0093Thus, we have been working really a lot on the adjustment of the law in the Office. I have been a member of the working group, we went to Brussels, on -- I don\"t know how many-meetings. And we had to report to the Commission on the progress regularly. Thus, we had to write records on the progress of the field of gender equality all the time\" (\u008atimac Radin 2014). POLITICAFEMINA 2015| 2 33 FP_02_15_009_082.indd 33 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA The Ombudswoman\"s role in Europeanisation processes is not that clearly discern ible, as her activities are less directly part of the relations with the EU institutions. One of her many activities is monitoring whether the political parties are meeting mandatory quota arrangements. With this example (out of many), she describes her proactive way as a promoter of the new Croatian gender equality standard s: \u0093We are doing an election analysis of the local elections, of the elections for the Euro 2014). As a former official in the government \"s Office for Human Rights, the current Ombudswoman, Vi has also been part of the accession negotiations: \u0093I was the (...) negotiator and actually the head for the fields of gender equality and antidiscrimination law. We have been negotiating in Brussels in 2006 so that we could close 2014). Especially interesting is her evaluation of the role of the Europeanisat ion process for the development of the Croatian gender equality and anti-discriminat ion law. After stating that many of the existing laws have been in force for abou t ten years already and expressing her dissatisfaction with the fact that there is s till a lack in the de facto implementation of these laws, she very clearly reacts to th e posed question, whether these laws are related to the Europeanisation of Croat ia: \u0093This is 2014). As facilitating factors of Europeanisation (cf. B\u00f6rzel\/Risse 2000), state-level gen der experts (or, femocrats , cf. Olsson Blandy 2010) play a key role regarding the mediation between the EU level and the Croatian national level. From a national perspective, these institutions and the people working in them provide top-down pressure in the development of gender policies. Having the official say in matters of gender equality, they form part of the political elite and can build coalitions with party officials and members of the government. And yet, as a matter of fact, they are the institutions that have been founded first and foremost in direct effect of the early efforts of the Croatian state to europeanise its gender standards. 4 Apart from the two named institutions, a large body of local and regional agencies exists, as well as further specialised coordinators in ministries, administrations, and civil services (cf. Kesi 5 The Office and the Ombudswoman as major institutions in the Croatian setting of gender politics are highly visible in the shaping of activities and the public discourses on gender standards. Furthermore, they intense ly lobby the national political elite with the aim of enhancing national Croatian gender standards. However, agency as well as changes of discourses and belief systems, seem to run a risk of being structurally neglected in Europeanisation research. Radaelli points to this fact in his discussion of the goodness of fit -approach: \u0093The goodness of fit has to account for agency and the transformative power of discourse to gain more preci sion\" (2004, 16). The tendency to overlook domestic actors and matters of social 34 FEMINAPOLITICA 2015 2 | FP_02_15_009_082.indd 34 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA learning (Schimmelfennig\/Sedelmeier 2005a, 18) in the Europeanisation process can be avoided by explicitly asking for agency when analysing the explanations of certain aspects of Europeanisation. Agency in the Window of Opportunity at State-Level and in Civil Society Taking a closer look at the ways in which domestic gender experts gained influence in the pre-accession period provides us with an impression of them as intervening variables in the explanations of the outcomes of Europeanisation. In the example of the National Policy for Gender Equality for the Period 2011-2015 (cf. Vlada Republike Hrvatske 2012) we can trace the window of opportunity in \u008atimac Radin\"s account of this document as an explicitly domestic strategy paper that is not created under the direct influence of the EU: \u0093And this is our National Policy for gender equality, our own strategy, of the state, which is submitted by the Croatian parliament, and we here in the Office, well, we set it up, right? So, this is the strategy, the basic national strategy (...). And we in the Office principally set it up and we first sent it to the government and the government sent it to the parliament\" ( \u008atimac Radin 214). Despite this clear demand to not ignore such national proactive initiati ves, \u008atimac Radin was knowledgeable enough to make the earlier version of the Nation al Policy part of the National Program of Croatia for the accession to the EU (cf. Vlada Repub like Hrvatske 2009) and, hence, has found a way of making the European Commission request reports on the implementation of that document too: \u0093(...) I have squeezed this National Policy, first of all, into our National Program for the accession to the Eu ropean Union\" ( \u008atimac Radin 2014). Accordingly, another advantage of \u0093squeezing in\" the National Policy into the government\"s overall accession program was its vis ibility to the European Commission and, hence, its increased political w eight: \u0093The Commission every year went into negotiations of the Progress Reports. And then, they requested record on how this strategy was executed\" ( \u008atimac Radin 214). With this strategic course of action, \u008atimac Radin gives us a perfect example of how domestic actors are able to use Europeanisation in order to put certain topics and ideas on the national agenda. Plus, since she made her National Policy a matter of monitoring for the Commission, it officially became a matter of Europeanisation, too. In this sense, she enabled herself (and her peers) to use the EU argument in rela tion to matters of gender equality that, strictly speaking, have not been proper part of EU requirements. This strategy of using the \u0093political opportunity structure created in Brussels\" (Traguth\/H\u00fcttemann 2009, 103) , has proved handy for gender experts in other countries too. Olsson Blandy also notes that \u0093domestic actors find creative ways of using the EU as a \u0091window of opportunity\" for accomplishing domestic change\" (2010, 31). Or, as Schimmelfennig\/Sedelmeier state: \u0093The EU further em POLITICAFEMINA 2015 | 2 35 FP_02_15_009_082.indd 35 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA powers these societal actors domestically through external legitimacy and authority\" ( 2005a, 18). Altogether, the tendency among experts and actors to use the EU, and EU condition ality, as an argument for achieving their aims seems to be an advantageous strategy. Not only state-level experts, but also other domestic actors reported on the relevant potential in the EU accession process as an important time slot for the achievement of goals which would have otherwise not been successfully implemented. Civil society actors, no matter whether passionate Europeans or not, have been very keen on the possibilities of the Europeanisation process prior to the accession of Cro atia. 6 Two convincing examples are the director of the Centre for Women\"s studies in Zagreb and vice-president of the European Women\u0091s Lobby (EWL) , Rada Bori Croatian gender and human rights activist Sanja Sarnavka, director of the feminist human rights organisation b.a.b.e , two leading figures in Croatian feminist activism. a highly critical assessment of the institutional settings and the state of implementation of gender equality policies in Croatia, states: \u0093On the one hand, while we have been in this \u0093waitingroom of Europe\u0093 (...), it was a good position for Croatia, since thanks to the different requirements for the accession to Europe, the door was wide open for gender mainstreaming in Croatia\u00a8 ( 2014). But also gender experts less keen about EU gender standards have seen th is op portunity and have been able to use is. When asked about her evaluation of the EU accession process, Sarnavka explains: \u0093Well, I have to admit that I didn\"t expect anything from it. When asked, I said, that I would most of all have liked us to stay in the pre-accession forever, cause that has fit me best, since this helped us in lobbying and in recommending. We would then threaten them with the European Union, and then they would immediately bring some law. And we knew that in the very moment when we would be a member, this would end our story (...)\" ( Sarnavka 2014). Conclusions: Empowerment of Domestic Gender Experts by the Europeanisation Conditionality and Self-Empowerment -Drawing from the above cases and observations and the statements by Croatian gen der experts, it can be stated that there is more in the Europeanisation of a given field th an the simple process of \u0093downloading \" EU rules and laws. Although fulfilling the requirements in order to meet the conditions set by the EU for becoming a members state contains in fact very lopsided hierarchical elements, there is still room for do mestic actors to add topics, to place emphasis on some items (and take it away from others) and, above all, to put pressure on the political elite and the government to 36 FEMINAPOLITICA 2015 2 | FP_02_15_009_082.indd 36 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA In this sense, actors act as facilitating factors in the Europeanisation process in order to get as much of their aims and norms on the political agenda. The preceding comments by leading Croatian gender experts have shown that it is above all the pre-accession phase in which rules can be set, norms defined and discourses changed. As a matter of fact, these changes made in the pre-accession process actually have a high potential of persistence (cf. Sedelmeier 2012). These lock-in processes of law-making and institution-setting under the impression of EU requirements provide domestic actors with a degree of influential agency that they might not have in \u0093normal \" times. Knowing this, gender experts, both in the official political as well as in the feminist civil society institutions, have been able to esta blish subjective orientations of activities and implicit maxims of decision-making 7 that have facilitated them with agency even beyond the already existing empower ment coming from the agenda setting of EU incentives. The current EU gender acquis is a well-developed set of valid rules and provisions, animated by a broad case law on gender equality matters. There is a clear tendency already at the EU level to rhetorically exaggerate this gender standard compared to its practical outcomes and its level of implementation. The formal facts of the Euro peanisation process are rather clear as the acceding countries from the Eastern part of Europe have faced a very profound change of system, rules and norms in the last decades and the EU has played a major role in triggering these changes. Still, the chief cause of a lasting effectiveness of Europeanisation outcomes might be in the responsibility of the domestic actors, especially in a highly contested political field such as gender equality. The selected statements of the interviewed experts show the importance of a good understanding of the possibilities of the window of opportunity that had been wide open during the pre-accession period. Notes 1 I would like to thank Prof. Costas Canakis from the University of the Aegean in Mytilene, the anonymous reviewer and the editors of this volume for comments and suggested impro vements to earlier versions of this paper. 2 Note that Bogner\/Menz (cf. 2005, 65-66) point to the efficacy in practice (\u0093Praxiswirksamkeit\") of experts, which, together with their specific knowledge of the field and their sub jective personal construction of meaning of their own activities, allows for the rich data that can be collected doing expert interviews. 3 Cf. Hrvatski Sabor 2008, RKP. 4 As mentioned above, both institutions were founded with the first Gender Equality Act in 2003 (articles 18 and 19). 5 See also the map on the institutional framework in Croatia regarding official gender equality agencies on the Office\"s homepage: cf. http:\/\/www.ured-ravnopravnost.hr\/site\/hr\/institucionalni-mehanizmi. html (3.11.2015). 6 For their essential role as norm advocates regarding the promotion of ge nder equality rights in Croatia at large, cf. Ro\u009aulj-Gajic\u00b4 2014. POLITICAFEMINA 2015 | 2 37 FP_02_15_009_082.indd 37 02.11.2015 18:40:45 GESCHLECHTERPOLITIK IN OSTEUROPA 7 Cf. Bogner\/Menz (2005, 38) and their explanation of analysing \u0093Hand lungsorientierungen\" through ex pert interviewing. References Auel , Katrin , 2006: Europ\u00e4isierung nationaler Politik. In: Bieling, Hans-J\u00fcrgen\/Lerch, Marika (Hg.): Theorien der europ\u00e4ischen Integration. Wiesbaden, 293-318. 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Zagreb:.","pdf_url":""}]},"system_type":"BASE","doc_rank":7,"rid":28959657},{"_index":"gesis-21-05-2026-02-00-54","_id":"csa-ps-200417391","_version":1,"_seq_no":81524,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"The Europeanization of Public Policies -- Understanding Idiosyncratic Mechanisms and Contingent Results","id":"csa-ps-200417391","date":"2004","date_recency":"2004","abstract":"The debate on the Europeanization of public policies is a specific branch of the new field of research on Europeanization. It aims at understanding how national policies are shaped & changed due to European integration. This research is, however, still in its \"infancy.\" The aim of this paper is threefold: Firstly, it aims at offering an empirically underpinned typology of three mechanisms of Europeanization. Secondly, in doing so, it wants to point to one mechanism of Europeanization that has not been addressed so far (namely Europeanization by evasion) & thus extend the empirical lens. Thirdly, the paper aims at extending the conceptual lens by emphasizing that & why Europeanization is much more than the mere implementation of European policies. Adapted from the source document.","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/csa-ps-200417391","type":"publication","topic":["European Union","Public Policy","Political Integration","Policy Implementation"],"person":["Toller, Annette Elisabeth"],"person_sort":"Toller","source":"In: European Integration - Online Papers, 8, 2004, 9, [np]","links":[],"subtype":"journal_article","publisher":"ProQuest","database":"WPSA - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","coreAuthor":["Toller, Annette Elisabeth"],"coreJournalTitle":"European Integration - Online Papers","coreZsband":"8","coreZsnummer":"9","coredoctypelitadd":["Aufsatz"],"coreLanguage":["Englisch (EN)"],"coreIssn":"1027-5193","data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":0,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":8,"rid":28959657},{"_index":"gesis-21-05-2026-02-00-54","_id":"gesis-ssoar-81857","_version":2,"_seq_no":100809,"_primary_term":1,"found":true,"_source":{"title":"Europ\u00e4ische Asylpolitik und lokales Verwaltungshandeln: Zur Beh\u00f6rdenpraxis in Deutschland und Schweden","id":"gesis-ssoar-81857","date":"2022","date_recency":"2022","abstract":"Der Ruf nach einer koordinierten Asylpolitik wird angesichts der ungleichen Bedingungen, die Gefl\u00fcchtete vor und in Europa vorfinden, immer lauter. In diesem Sinne arbeitet die Europ\u00e4ische Union seit Jahren an einem \"Gemeinsamen Europ\u00e4ischen Asylsystem\", das gerade auch das Verwaltungshandeln vor Ort ver\u00e4ndern soll. Dieser Band stellt die Ergebnisse einer Forschungsstudie vor, die das praktische Arbeiten in deutschen und schwedischen Asylbeh\u00f6rden vergleichend untersucht. Im Fokus stehen der beh\u00f6rdliche Umgang mit den Vorgaben der europ\u00e4ischen Asylpolitik, das Ausma\u00df einer Europ\u00e4isierung des lokalen Verwaltungshandelns und die Schwierigkeiten einer grenz\u00fcberschreitenden Verwaltungskooperation.","portal_url":"https:\/\/www.ssoar.info\/ssoar\/handle\/document\/81857","type":"publication","topic":["Asylpolitik","Verwaltungshandeln","Bundesrepublik Deutschland","Schweden","Europ\u00e4isierung","EU","Asylrecht","Asylverfahren","Migrationspolitik"],"person":["Lahusen, Christian","Schittenhelm, Karin","Schneider, Stephanie"],"person_sort":"LahusenSchittenhelmSchneider","links":[{"label":"URN","link":"http:\/\/nbn-resolving.de\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-81857-7"},{"label":"DOI","link":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14361\/9783839433300"}],"publisher":"transcript Verlag","document_type":"Monographie","institutions":["transcript Verlag"],"coreAuthor":["Lahusen, Christian","Schittenhelm, Karin","Schneider, Stephanie"],"coreSjahr":"2022","corePublisher":"transcript Verlag","coreIsbn":"978-3-8394-3330-0","publishLocation_str_mv":"Bielefeld","coreLanguage":"de","doi":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14361\/9783839433300","urn":"urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-81857-7","coreIssn":"2703-0032","data_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","index_source":"GESIS-SSOAR","database":"SSOAR - Social Science Open Access Repository","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"metadata_quality":10,"related_references":[{"view":"Abiri, E. 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Erst seit kurzem gibt es eine zunehmende Anzahl von Analysen, die sich explizit mit der Europ\u00e4isierung von nationalen Institutionen besch\u00e4ftigen. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Frage, in welchem Ausmass die Implementation europ\u00e4ischer Policies mit Ver\u00e4nderungen in bestehenden Regulierungsmustern auf nationaler Ebene einhergeht. Der Beitrag identifiziert drei Mechanismen, um die Wirkungsweise europ\u00e4ischer Policies auf nationale Regulierungsmuster zu charakterisieren. Europ\u00e4ische Politik kann ein konkretes institutionelles Modell f\u00fcr die nationale Umsetzung vorschreiben; sie kann sich auf die Beeinflussung nationaler Opportunity Structures beschr\u00e4nken; oder sie kann prim\u00e4r \u00fcber die Ver\u00e4nderung nationaler Ideen und \u00dcberzeugungen (Framing) wirken.\" (Autorenreferat)","portal_url":"http:\/\/sowiport.gesis.org\/search\/id\/gesis-solis-00270589","type":"publication","topic":["europ\u00e4ische Integration","Europ\u00e4isierung","Nationalstaat","politische Entscheidung","politisches Handeln","politische Steuerung","Institutionalisierung","Anpassung","Umweltpolitik","Verkehrspolitik"],"person":["Knill, Christoph","Lehmkuhl, Dirk"],"person_sort":"KnillLehmkuhl","source":"In: Schweizerische Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Politikwissenschaft, Vol. 6, 2000, Iss. 4, 19-50 : 2 graf. Darst., 1 Tab.","links":[{"label":"DOI","link":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/j.1662-6370.2000.tb00303.x"}],"subtype":"journal_article","publisher":"GESIS","database":"SOLIS - Sozialwissenschaftliches Literaturinformationssystem","document_type":"Zeitschriftenaufsatz","coreAuthor":["Knill, Christoph","Lehmkuhl, Dirk"],"coreJournalTitle":"Schweizerische Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Politikwissenschaft","coreZsband":"Vol. 6","coreZsnummer":"Iss. 4","corePagerange":"19-50","coredoctypelitadd":["Aufsatz"],"coreLanguage":["Deutsch (DE)"],"coreDoi":["10.1002\/j.1662-6370.2000.tb00303.x"],"coreIssn":"1424-7755","data_source":"GESIS-Literaturpool","link_count":0,"gesis_own":1,"fulltext":1,"index_source":"OUTCITE","literature_collection":"GESIS-Literaturpool"},"system_type":"EXP","doc_rank":10,"rid":28959657}]}}